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Several companies have preprocessed and made available human body models of typical adult male, adult female, and small child anatomies that have geometric, electromagnetic, and thermal properties included. Simulations for HTP can be divided into three distinct tasks:Ĭalculation of the distribution of power deposited in the tissue.Ĭalculation of the resulting temperature distribution in the tissue.įirst, the geometry and tissue properties of the involved body region must be carefully identified. Finally, we describe how HTP can be used not only for pre-planning but also in feedback control strategies and to assess the overall quality of treatment. Also, we describe methods to quantify the influences of those uncertainties that cannot be controlled. In addition, we address methods to perform validation of numerical algorithms. Specifically, we analyse EM, US, and thermal simulation tools and techniques, with a strong focus on the potential to improve clinical results. In this paper, we describe a selection of tools and techniques that are being used for planning and guiding hyperthermia (HT) treatments. The importance of HTP in the current clinical setting is illustrated by the recent decision of ESHO to include HTP in their quality assurance guidelines for deep hyperthermia.

HYPERPLAN EQUATION SOFTWARE

In addition, thermal simulations based on the Pennes bioheat equation (PBHE) have been implemented in commercial software packages for clinical planning. In the last decade, significant progress has been made on the availability and accuracy of EM and US simulation tools and techniques. The topical review by Lagendijk extended that work to include thermal techniques, and described the state of the art in HTP in 2000. The taskforce report of the European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology (ESHO) and the Committee for Concerted Action in Bio-Medical Engineering (COMAC BME) of 1992 was the first comprehensive document to summarise all available techniques and measurement data required for HTP and validation. Hyperthermia treatment planning (HTP) is defined as the process that begins with obtaining patient data and establishing, by electromagnetic (EM), ultrasound (US), and/or thermal modelling, a set of treatment parameters that maximise treatment quality. As such, it plays a pivotal role in the quest to establish HT as an efficacious addition to multi-modality treatment of cancer. HTP has become an essential tool for improvement, control, and assessment of HT treatment quality.

In addition, we illustrate the major techniques employed for validation and optimisation. In this paper, we review the simulation tools and techniques developed for clinical hyperthermia, and evaluate their current status on the path from ‘model’ to ‘clinic’. In addition, extensive studies aimed to properly implement novel HT tools and techniques, and to assess the quality of HT, are becoming more common. Electromagnetic, ultrasound, and thermal simulations using realistic clinical set-ups are now being performed to achieve patient-specific treatment optimisation. Driven by the developments in computational techniques and computing power, personalised hyperthermia treatment planning (HTP) has matured and has become a powerful tool for optimising treatment quality. an increase of tissue temperature to 39–44 ☌, significantly enhance radiotherapy and chemotherapy effectiveness.

Clinical trials have shown that hyperthermia (HT), i.e.

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